Family CLUPEIDAE

Common name: Herrings

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Summary:
Herrings are small silvery schooling fishes with a slender compressed body, a small terminal mouth and a single short-based dorsal fin at midbody; anal fin short-based, far back on body; tail forked; pelvic fins abdominal and pectoral fins just behind the head on the lower part of the body. Most have a keeled row of scutes along the middle of the belly, or a one or more scutes at the pelvic-fin base, and are covered in smooth scales.

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Cite this page as:
Dianne J. Bray, Herrings, CLUPEIDAE in Fishes of Australia, accessed 07 Oct 2024, https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/Home/family/327

More Info

Family Taxonomy

A large family of commercially important fishes found worldwide in tropical to cold-temperate seas, mostly in shallow-water habitats in marine, estuarine and freshwater environments.

Family Distribution

 Sardines and relatives occur worldwide. They live mostly in surface marine waters, usually near the coast. Some species are estuarine and a few, like the Australian species of Nematolosa, are freshwater.

Family Description

 Clupeids have a relatively small mouth with the jaw not extending behind the level of the eye, teeth usually small or absent and abdominal scutes usually present.

Family Size

 Maximum standard length is about 60 cm,although most species are usually less than 20 cm.

Family Feeding

 Mostly carnivores, feeding on zooplankton, especially small crustaceans.

Family Commercial

Commercially important throughout their range, and making up about half of the world's fish catch. Also an important food source for larger fishes, seabirds, and marine mammals. Relatively small numbers of freshly-caught fish are marketed in Australia. 

Family Remarks

 Most species form large schools for protection.

Author

 Dianne J. Bray

References

Lavoué S, Miya M, Musikasinthorn P, Chen WJ, Nishida M (2013) Mitogenomic evidence for an indo-west pacific origin of the clupeoidei (Teleostei: Clupeiformes). PLoS One 8:e56485

Munroe, T.A., Wongratana, T. & Nizinski, M.S. (1999). Family Clupeidae.  pp. 1775–1821 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds) The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO pp. 1397–2068

Nelson, G.J. (1970). The hypobranchial apparatus of teleostean fishes of the families Engraulidae and Chirocentridae. Am. Mus. Novit. 2410: 1–30 figs 1–11

Nelson, G.J. & Rothman, M.N. (1973). The species of gizzard shads (Dorosomatinae) with particular reference to the Indo-Pacific region. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 150(2): 133–206 figs 1–13

Nelson, J.S. (1994). Fishes of the World.  New York : John Wiley & Sons 3rd Edn  600 pp.

Svetovidov, A.N. (1952). Fauna of U.S.S.R. Fishes. (Clupeidae). Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. (ns 48)2(1): 1–331 figs 1–54 pls 1–53

Whitehead, P.J.P. (1973). A synopsis of the clupeoid fishes of India. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India 14(1): 160–256 figs 1–68

Whitehead, P.J.P. (1985). FAO species catalog.  Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei).  Part 1 - Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. FAO Fish. Synop., No. 125, volume 7 (part 1) pp. 1–303

Whitehead, P.J.P. & Bauchot, M.L. (1985). Catalogue critique des types de poissons du Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle, (Suite) Ordre des Clupéiforms (Familles des Clupeidae, Engraulididae et Denticipitidae). Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris 7(4 Suppl.): 1–77

Whitehead, P.J.P., Boeseman, M. & Wheeler, A.C. (1966). The types of Bleeker's Indo-Pacific elopoid and clupeoid fishes. Zool. Verh. 84: 1–159 pls 1–19

Wongratana, T. (1983). Diagnoses of 24 new species and proposal of a new name for a species of Indo-Pacific clupeoid fishes. Jpn. J. Ichthyol. 29(4): 385–407 figs 1–25