Depth range
States & territories
- Queensland(40)
- Western Australia(33)
- Northern Territory(27)
- New South Wales(16)
- South Australia(6)
- Victoria(5)
- Tasmania(4)
- Norfolk Island(1)
- Ashmore and Cartier Islands(1)
- Christmas Island(1)
GeoZone
- N coast(10)
- Gulf of Carpentaria(8)
- NW coast(7)
- NE coast(6)
- Central W coast(5)
- Central E coast(5)
- Lower W coast(4)
- SW coast(3)
- Great Australian Bight(2)
- Great Barrier Reef(2)
- S Gulfs coast(2)
- SE oceanic(1)
- NW oceanic(1)
- NE coastal(1)
Habitat & ecology
Localities/regions
- Great Barrier Reef(8)
- Moreton Bay Region(6)
- Sydney Harbour(5)
- Gulf of Carpentaria(5)
- Darwin Harbour(4)
- Port Phillip(2)
- Derwent Estuary(1)
- Lord Howe Province(1)
- SA Gulfs(1)
- Bass Strait(1)
- Kimberley(1)
IMCRA Bioregions
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Synclidopus hogani
Johnson & Randall 2008
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Synclidopus
A sole with about 22-26 irregular, mostly discontinuous pale tan to dark chocolate brown bands with pale creamy-brown interspaces, and three longitudinal rows of 5-6 large diffuse dark brown spots.
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Annulate Sole
Brachirus annularis
Fowler 1934
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Brachirus
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Banded-eye Sole
Soleichthys oculofasciatus
Munroe & Menke 2004
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Soleichthys
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Bearded Sole
Liachirus whitleyi
(Chabanaud 1950)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Liachirus
This species was previously named Aseraggodes whitleyi .
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Black Sole
Brachirus niger
(Macleay 1880)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Brachirus
A uniformly blackish or pale brownish sole with large patches of dark brown cirri, blackish pectoral fins, and a narrow whitish margin on the dorsal, anal and caudal fins. The blind side cream to whitish. This species has frequently been referred to as Brachirus nigra .
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Bloch's Tongue Sole
Paraplagusia blochii
(Bleeker 1851)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Cynoglossidae > Paraplagusia
- No Photo Available Checker Sole Phyllichthys sejunctus Whitley 1935 Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Phyllichthys
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Cryptic Sole
Aseraggodes crypticus
Randall & Allen 2007
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Aseraggodes
A rare mottled sole with a white, brown and black variegated pattern. This small sole is found only at the Australian Territory of Christmas Island in the eastern Indian Ocean.
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Dappled Sole
Aseraggodes melanostictus
(Peters 1877)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Aseraggodes
A pale brown sole with darker scale edges, faint irregular dark–edged pale markings over head and body, and very irregular dark brown blotches, most much larger than eye, the two largest on lateral line to either side of middle of body; fins with dark dots (Randall 2005).
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Darkspotted Sole
Liachirus melanospilos
(Bleeker 1854)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Liachirus
- No Photo Available Darwin Sole Leptachirus darwinensis Randall 2007 Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Leptachirus A small narrow mottled brown sole with a row of eye-sized dark brown blotches along the dorsal and anal fin bases, several larger blotches along the lateral line, dark brown blotches on the caudal-fin base, and small spots scattered on the caudal fin.
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Deepwater Tongue Sole
Symphurus australis
McCulloch 1907
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Cynoglossidae > Symphurus
- No Photo Available Dusky Sole Brachirus aspilos (Bleeker 1852) Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Brachirus
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Dusky Tongue Sole
Paraplagusia sinerama
Chaplau & Renaud 1993
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Cynoglossidae > Paraplagusia
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Duskybanded Sole
Zebrias penescalaris
Gomon 1987
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Zebrias
A brownish sole with 16-22 slightly darker almost parallel bands across the body and caudal-fin base, bands of equal width or slightly narrower than paler interspaces and difficult to distinguish from interspaces; blind side pale. The dorsal and anal fins are dusky to dark with a narrow pale margin on both sides.
- No Photo Available Fitzroy Sole Brachirus fitzroiensis (De Vis 1882) Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Brachirus
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Fourline Tongue Sole
Cynoglossus bilineatus
(Lacépède 1802)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Cynoglossidae > Cynoglossus
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Freshwater Sole
Brachirus selheimi
(Macleay 1882)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Brachirus
A brown freshwater to estuarine sole with numerous dark brown to blackish spots and blotches that extend onto the fins, and a whitish underside.
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Freshwater Tongue Sole
Cynoglossus heterolepis
Weber 1910
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Cynoglossidae > Cynoglossus
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Grey Mirrorbelly
Monacoa griseus
Poulsen, Sado, Hahn, Byrkjedal, Moku & Miya 2016
Actinopterygii > Argentiniformes > Opisthoproctidae > Monacoa
A mirrorbelly with a prominent snout protruding into a distinct tube, the anal fin easily discernible, situated on the posterior outer margin of the "sole". The posterior part of the "sole" (flattened underside) is darkly/uniformly pigmented, with an abrupt change in pigmentation in front of pelvic fins, including a weaker pigment blotch in front of this abrupt change. In species of the genus Monacoa, bioluminescence from the rectal light bulb is produced by the bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum. This species was previously known as Opisthoproctus grimaldii Zugmayer, 1911.
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Hardscale Sole
Phyllichthys sclerolepis
(Macleay 1878)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Phyllichthys
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Harrowed Sole
Zebrias cancellatus
(McCulloch 1916)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Zebrias
A sandy-colored sole with 11-19 evenly spaced dark brown bands (sometimes divided) across the body extending onto the dorsal and anal fins, several large darker spots irregularly placed on the bands, and a mostly dark caudal fin. The blind side is whitish with dark dorsal, anal and caudal fin rays.
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Hooknose Sole
Heteromycteris hartzfeldii
(Bleeker 1853)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Heteromycteris
A brown sole with irregular whitish lines and spots, and three rows of large black blotches or ocelli along the midline, and along the dorsal and ventral sides of the body.
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Island Sole
Aseraggodes bahamondei
Randall & Meléndez 1987
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Aseraggodes
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Japanese Sole
Pseudaesopia japonica
(Bleeker 1860)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Pseudaesopia
- No Photo Available Jaubert Sole Rendahlia jaubertensis (Rendahl 1921) Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Rendahlia
- No Photo Available Kimberley Sole Leptachirus klunzingeri (Weber 1907) Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Leptachirus
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Kops' Tongue Sole
Cynoglossus kopsii
(Bleeker 1851)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Cynoglossidae > Cynoglossus
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Lemon Tongue Sole
Paraplagusia bilineata
(Bloch 1787)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Cynoglossidae > Paraplagusia
A tan-coloured tongue sole with a marbled pattern of dark wavy lines enclosing pale patches, two lateral lines on the eyed side, none on blind side. In Australia, the Lemon Tongue Sole has also been called Paraplagusia blochii which is a junior synonym.
- No Photo Available Longnose Tongue Sole Cynoglossus macrophthalmus Norman 1926 Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Cynoglossidae > Cynoglossus
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Longsnout Flounder
Ammotretis rostratus
Günther 1862
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Rhombosoleidae > Ammotretis
A sandy-coloured to pale brown flounder speckled with variable darker spots, and a whitish pectoral fin on the blind side (underside). The Longsnout Flounder has both eyes on the right side of the head, the dorsal fin originating at the tip of the hooked snout, and two pelvic fins This is the most common flounder in Port Phillip, Victoria - mostly extremely well-camouflaged juveniles that are difficult to see.
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Manyband Sole
Zebrias scalaris
Gomon 1987
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Zebrias
A pale brown sole with 16-24 darker almost parallel bands across the body and caudal-fin base, bands of equal width or slightly narrower than pale interspaces and usually distinct, though not sharply demarcated from interspaces.
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McCulloch's Tongue Sole
Cynoglossus maccullochi
Norman 1926
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Cynoglossidae > Cynoglossus
A brown tongue sole with some freckling and diffuse blotches no the body.
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Mottled Sole
Pardachirus rautheri
(Chabanaud 1931)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Pardachirus
- No Photo Available Munro's Sole Zebrias munroi (Whitley 1966) Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Zebrias A cream to pale yellow sole becoming white on the fins (including the caudal fin), with 9-12 very irregular pale brown bars with darker borders partly or completely crossing the head, body, dorsal and anal fins. The blind side is pale yellow.
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Narrowbanded Sole
Synclidopus macleayanus
(Ramsay 1881)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Synclidopus
A lavender-grey to brownish sole with many well-defined narrow dark charcoal to greyish-brown bands usually slightly wider than the pale spaces between.
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Norman's Sole
Aseraggodes normani
Chabanaud 1930
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Aseraggodes
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Ogilby's Tongue Sole
Cynoglossus ogilbyi
Norman 1926
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Cynoglossidae > Cynoglossus
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Oriental Sole
Brachirus orientalis
(Bloch & Schneider 1801)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Brachirus
-
Paradice's Sole
Paradicula setifer
(Paradice 1927)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Paradicula
This spsecies was previously known as Brachirus setifer .
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Peacock Sole
Pardachirus pavoninus
(Lacépède 1802)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Pardachirus
Reddish-brown to pale brown with a densely spotted head, spots of various shapes and sizes on the body and fins of the eyed-side, spots with a dark border and often a blackish central spot.
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Peppered Sole
Aseraggodes lenisquamis
Randall 2005
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Aseraggodes
An pale brown to orange-brown sole with diffuse blackish blotches on the upper side (the three along lateral line and one above the first blotch the largest), numerous small, irregular, dark-edged whitish spots on the head and body, and greyish-brown fin rays with small dark-edged whitish spots and white ray tips.
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Pinocchio Tongue Sole
Paraplagusia longirostris
Chapleau, Renaud & Kailola 1991
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Cynoglossidae > Paraplagusia
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Saltpan Sole
Brachirus salinarum
Ogilby 1910
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Brachirus
A brown to tan freshwater sole with irregular darker brown blotches, and a white underside.
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Shorthead Sole
Brachirus breviceps
Ogilby 1910
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Brachirus
A rare and poorly known sole from southern Queensland.
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Small-lip Tongue Sole
Symphurus microrhynchus
(Weber 1913)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Cynoglossidae > Symphurus
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Smallhead Sole
Soleichthys microcephalus
(Günther 1862)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Soleichthys
A colourful banded sole with 11-13 dark-brown to blackish crossbands on the head and body that are wider than the alternating paler bands, 2 conspicuous white spots on the midline, and a blue and black margin to the dorsal, anal and caudal fins. The brightly-coloured juveniles are whitish with black and orange fin margins. They mimic a species of flatworm in both colour and in their undulating movement.
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Snakeskin Sole
Soleichthys serpenpellis
Munroe & Menke 2004
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Soleichthys
A sole with six incomplete, diamond-shaped crossbands on the body that are widest in their mid-sections and wider than the pale interspaces. small brown spots scattered in the interspaces, three crossbands on the head, and two white spots in longitudinal series along the body midline.
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Southern Peacock Sole
Pardachirus hedleyi
Ogilby 1916
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Pardachirus
A brownish sole with dark-edged white blotches and scattered darker blotches on the upper side.
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Southern Sole
Aseraggodes haackeanus
(Steindachner 1883)
Actinopterygii > Pleuronectiformes > Soleidae > Aseraggodes