Family TORPEDINIDAE

A family of electric rays with a large thick flabby disc, a relatively short tail and a large caudal fin. Torpedo Rays have large kidney-shaped electric organs on either side of the disc. These organs are comprised of columns of modified muscle cells called electrocytes capable of producing powerful electric shocks - used to stun and capture prey, as well as a defence mechanism. 

Torpedo rays have a more-or-less rounded disc, small eyes, slender jaws that lack labial furrows, a reduced rostrum, five pairs of gill slits, large spiracles, one to two dorsal fins, and a well-developed caudal fin with distinct upper and lower lobes. Maximum size for the family is 1.8 m.